Penapisan Fitokimia dan Kapasitas Antibakteri Minyak Eteris Daun Akway (Drimys piperita Hook f.)
Abstract
Akway (Drimys piperita) merupakan tumbuhan aromatik yang digunakan masyarakat lokal Kabupaten Pegunungan Arfak sebagai tumbuhan obat untuk meningkatkan vitalitas tubuh. Tumbuhan ini mengandung minyak eteris pada bagian daun dan kulit batangnya. Minyak eteris telah dibuktikan memiliki kapasitas antibakteri yang kuat. Kandungan fitokimia minyak eteris sangat menentukan kapasitas antibakterinya. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menentukan kandungan fitokimia dan kapasitas antibakteri minyak eteris daun akway. Proses penyulingan minyak eteris daun akway dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penyulingan air sedangkan kandungan fitokimianya ditentukan secara kualitatif terhadap kelompok senyawa terpenoid, saponin, alkaloid dan flavonoid. Kapasitas antibakteri ditentukan dengan metode difusi cakram terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli dan Staphyloccocus aureus. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa minyak eteris daun akway mengandung terpenoid sebagai senyawa penyusun terbesar, saponin dan flavonoid. Minyak eteris daun akway memiliki kapasitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri uji dengan konsentrasi hambat minimum 0,042%-5%.
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Thakur, M., Melzig, M. F. Fuchs, H. & Weng, A. (2011). Chemistry and pharmacology of saponins: special focus on cytotoxic properties. Botanics: Targets and Therapy, 1:19–29.
Tiwari, P., Kumar, B., Kaur, M., Kaur, G. & Kaur, H. (2011). Phytochemical screening and extraction: A review. Sciencia, 1(1): 98-106.
Wibowo, D. P., Febriani, Y., Riasari, H. & Aulifa, D. L. (2018). Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils of medicinal plant Cymbopogonnardus from Lembang West Java. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 22 (Special Issue I): 1-4.
Widiyanto, A., & Siarudin, M. (2014). Sifat fisikokimia minyak kayu putih jenis Asteromyrtus brasii. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 32(4): 243-252.
Yadav, N., Yadav, R., & Goyal, A. (2014). Chemistry of Terpenoids. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 27(2): 272-278.
Zakariyah, M., Cepeda, G. N. & Hutasoit, H. (2018). Sifat fisik, kandungan fitokimia dan aktivitas antibakteri minyak essensial kulit batang akway (Drimys piperita Hook f.). J. Agritechnology, 1(2): 56-65.
Andrade, B. F. M. T., Barbosa, L. N., Probst, I. S., & Fernandes Jr. F. (2014). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2014 Vol. 26, No. 1, 34–40, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.860409.
Cepeda, G.N., Santoso, B.B., Lisangan, M.M. & Silamba, I. (2011a). Komposisi kimia minyak atsiri daun akway. Makara Sains 15(1): 63-66.
Cepeda, G.N., Santoso, B.B., Lisangan, M.M. & Silamba, I. (2011b). Komposisi kimia minyak atsiri kulit kayu akway (Drimys piperita Hook f.). Bionatura 13(2) : 118-124.
Cepeda, G.N., Lisangan, M.M. & Silamba, I. (2015). Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit kayu akway (Drimys piperita Hook f.) terhadap bakteri patogen. Agritech 35(2): 170-177. doi:10.22146/agritech.9403.
Cepeda, G.N., Lisangan, M.M. & Silamba, I. (2019). Aktivitas antibakteri minyak atsiri kulit kayu akway (Drimys piperita Hook. f.) pada beberapa tingkat konsentrasi, keasaman (pH) dan kandungan garam. Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan, 8 (4): 149-154.
Desai, S.D., Desaib, D.G., & Kaurc, H. (2009). Saponins and their Biological Activities. Pharma Times, 41(3): 13-16.
Duarte, M.C.T., Duarte, R.M.T., Rodrigues, R.A.F., & Rodrigues, M.V.N. (2018). Essential Oils and Their Characteristics. In S.M.B. Hashemi, A.M. Khaneghah, A. S. Sant’Ana, Editor. Essential Oils in Food Processing: Chemistry, Safety and Applications (pp. 1-19). USA: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Freires, I. A., Denny, C., Benso, B.,A lencar, S. M. & Rosalen, P., (2015).Antibacterial activity of essential oils and their isolated constituents against carcinogenic bacteria: A systematic review. Molecules, 20: 7329-7358.
Fidan, H., Stefanova, G., Kostova, I., Stankov, S. & Damyanova, S. (2019). Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Laurus nobilis L. Essential Oils from Bulgaria. Molecules 24(804):1-10 doi:10.3390/molecules24040804.
Franz, C.M. (2010). Essential oil research: Past, present and future. Flavour Fragrance Journal, 25: 112–113.
Harborne, J. B. (1996). Metode Fitokimia. Bandung :Penerbit ITB.
Jayanudin. (2011). Komposisi kimia minyak atsiridaun cengkeh dari proses penyulingan uap. Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia, 10(1) : 37-42.
Mahizan, N. A., Yang, S-K., Moo, C-L., Song, A. A-L., Chong, C-M., Chong, C-W., Abushelaibi, A., Lim, S-H. E. & Lai, K-S. (2019). Terpene derivatives as a potential agent against antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pathogens. Molecules, 24: 2631.
Messara, Y., Fernane, F., & Meddour, R. (2017). Chemical composition, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of the essential oil of Thymus numidicus Poiret from Algeria. Phytothérapie, 16:163-168. DOI 10.3166/phyto-2018-0044.
Nazzaro, F., Fratianni, F., De Martino, L., Coppola, R., & De Feo, V. (2013). Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria. Pharmaceuticals, 6: 1451-1474.
Perricone, M., Arace, E., Corbo, M.R., Sinigaglia, M. & Bevilacqua, A. (2015). Bioactivity of essential oils: a review on their interaction with food components. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6: 1-7.
Saranraj, P., & Devi, V.D. (2012). Essential Oil and Its Antibacterial Properties – A Review. Life Science Archives (LSA), 3(2): 994 – 1011.
Sari, N. K., Sumada, K., Ajiz, H. A. & Fajarriani, W. Y. (2018). Atsiri oil production Of tobacco leaves by water distillation method. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 7 (2): 100-103.
Saxena, M., Saxena, J., Nema, R., Singh, D., & Gupta, A. (2013). Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1(6):168-182.
Seow, Y.X., Yeo, C.R., Chung, H.L. & Yuk, H-G. 2014. Plant essential oils as active antimicrobial agents. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 54:625–644.
Sezen, S., Gulluce, M., Kesmezcan, F. & Alaylar, B. (2019). Essential oils and antimicrobial effects. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 10 (9): 65-70.
Silva, V. A., Sousa, J. P., Guerra F. Q. S., Pessôa H. L. F., Freitas A. F. R., Coutinho, H.D.M., Alves L. B. N. & Lima E. O. (2015). Antibacterial activity of the monoterpene linalool: Alone and in associationwith antibiotics against bacteria of clinical importance. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 7(5): 1022-1026.
Thakur, M., Melzig, M. F. Fuchs, H. & Weng, A. (2011). Chemistry and pharmacology of saponins: special focus on cytotoxic properties. Botanics: Targets and Therapy, 1:19–29.
Tiwari, P., Kumar, B., Kaur, M., Kaur, G. & Kaur, H. (2011). Phytochemical screening and extraction: A review. Sciencia, 1(1): 98-106.
Wibowo, D. P., Febriani, Y., Riasari, H. & Aulifa, D. L. (2018). Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils of medicinal plant Cymbopogonnardus from Lembang West Java. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 22 (Special Issue I): 1-4.
Widiyanto, A., & Siarudin, M. (2014). Sifat fisikokimia minyak kayu putih jenis Asteromyrtus brasii. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 32(4): 243-252.
Yadav, N., Yadav, R., & Goyal, A. (2014). Chemistry of Terpenoids. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 27(2): 272-278.
Zakariyah, M., Cepeda, G. N. & Hutasoit, H. (2018). Sifat fisik, kandungan fitokimia dan aktivitas antibakteri minyak essensial kulit batang akway (Drimys piperita Hook f.). J. Agritechnology, 1(2): 56-65.
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Published
2020-10-15
How to Cite
MAMBRASAR, Herlina Enika Dewi; CEPEDA, Gino Nemesio; LISANGAN, Meike Meilan.
Penapisan Fitokimia dan Kapasitas Antibakteri Minyak Eteris Daun Akway (Drimys piperita Hook f.).
Agritechnology, [S.l.], v. 2, n. 2, p. 63-70, oct. 2020.
ISSN 2620-4738.
Available at: <https://journal.fateta.unipa.ac.id/index.php/agritechnology/article/view/44>. Date accessed: 27 mar. 2023.
doi: https://doi.org/10.51310/agritechnology.v2i2.44.
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Articles
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